檢視水的三態的原始碼

[[分類:同學備課]][[分類:科學]]
===活動===
#11.25發布 21 單字，11.26 晨考
#備課簡報
#水的影片
#水的三相圖講解
#冰水共存實驗
#*器材
#*#寶麗龍盒
#*#電子秤
#*#燒杯兩個(每組一個)
#*#溫度計三支(每組一支，備用一支)
#*#量筒兩個(每組一個)
#*#玻棒兩支(每組一個)
#*#方格紙(每組一張)
#*步驟
#*#先在右上角寫組名
#*#取量筒200cc的清水倒入燒杯中
#*#將燒杯燒杯放在電子秤上，倒入約300克的冰
#*#將溫度計置入冰水中，測量第一次的溫度，並記錄於方格紙上
#*#兩組的燒杯放入保麗龍盒中，並蓋上蓋子
#*#六位同學為一組，一人計時，一人打開保麗龍盒蓋子，兩人分別量取兩個燒杯的溫度，並報出溫度，兩人將溫度記錄於方格紙上，立即蓋上蓋子，以上的動作每分鐘操作一次
#*#至冰塊完全溶化石，實驗結束
#熔化熱與汽化熱
#*每克的冰需吸熱八十卡，才能融化為水。每克的水需放熱八十卡，才能變成冰。
#*每克的水需吸熱540卡，才能變成水蒸氣。每克的水蒸氣需放熱540卡，才能變成水。
#評量

===水的三相圖===
#壓力單位：帕。每平方公尺一牛頓<br/>一標準大氣壓是101325 Pa = 101.325 千Pa = 1013.25 百Pa = 1013.25 毫巴
#[[File:WaterPhaseDiagram1atm.svg]]
#[http://img.tesoon.com/up/200712/2007125222312859385340.jpg 二氧化碳的三相圖]

===大氣壓下常見物質的熔點與沸點===
<table class=nicetable><tr style="height: 27.55pt">
      <td colspan="6" style="width: 434.05pt; height: 27.55pt; border: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm" valign="top" width="579">
      <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 5; margin-right: 5; margin-top:5" align="center">
      <span style="font-family: 新細明體; letter-spacing: 1pt">
      <font size="4">一大氣壓下常見物質的熔點與沸點</font></span></p></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm" valign="top">
      <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 5; margin-right: 5; margin-top:5" align="center">
      <span style="font-family: 新細明體; letter-spacing: 1pt"><font size="4">物質</font></span></p></td>
      <td style="border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm" valign="top">
      <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 5; margin-right: 5; margin-top:5" align="center">
      <span style="font-family: 新細明體; letter-spacing: 1pt">
      <font size="4">熔點（℃）</font></span></p></td>
      <td style="border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.5pt double windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm" valign="top">
      <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 5; margin-right: 5; margin-top:5" align="center">
      <span style="font-family: 新細明體; letter-spacing: 1pt">
      <font size="4">沸點（℃）</font></span></p></td>
      <td style="border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm" valign="top">
      <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 5; margin-right: 5; margin-top:5" align="center">
      <span style="font-family: 新細明體; letter-spacing: 1pt"><font size="4">物質</font></span></p></td>
      <td style="border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm" valign="top">
      <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 5; margin-right: 5; margin-top:5" align="center">
      <span style="font-family: 新細明體; letter-spacing: 1pt">
      <font size="4">熔點（℃）</font></span></p></td>
      <td style="width: 85.75pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm" valign="top" width="114">
      <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 5; margin-right: 5; margin-top:5" align="center">
      <span style="font-family: 新細明體; letter-spacing: 1pt">
      <font size="4">沸點（℃）</font></span></p></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm" valign="top">
      <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 5; margin-right: 5; margin-top:5" align="center">
      <span style="font-family: 新細明體; letter-spacing: 1pt"><font size="4">鐵</font></span></p></td>
      <td style="border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm" valign="top">
      <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 5; margin-right: 5; margin-top:5" align="center">
      <span style="letter-spacing: 1pt" lang="EN-US"><font size="4">1538</font></span></p></td>
      <td style="border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.5pt double windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm" valign="top">
      <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 5; margin-right: 5; margin-top:5" align="center">
      <span style="letter-spacing: 1pt" lang="EN-US"><font size="4">2861</font></span></p></td>
      <td style="border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm" valign="top">
      <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 5; margin-right: 5; margin-top:5" align="center">
      <span style="font-family: 新細明體; letter-spacing: 1pt"><font size="4">水</font></span></p></td>
      <td style="border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm" valign="top">
      <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 5; margin-right: 5; margin-top:5" align="center">
      <span style="letter-spacing: 1pt" lang="EN-US"><font size="4">0</font></span></p></td>
      <td style="width: 85.75pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm" valign="top" width="114">
      <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 5; margin-right: 5; margin-top:5" align="center">
      <span style="letter-spacing: 1pt" lang="EN-US"><font size="4">100</font></span></p></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm" valign="top">
      <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 5; margin-right: 5; margin-top:5" align="center">
      <span style="font-family: 新細明體; letter-spacing: 1pt"><font size="4">銅</font></span></p></td>
      <td style="border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm" valign="top">
      <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 5; margin-right: 5; margin-top:5" align="center">
      <span style="letter-spacing: 1pt" lang="EN-US"><font size="4">1085</font></span></p></td>
      <td style="border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.5pt double windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm" valign="top">
      <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 5; margin-right: 5; margin-top:5" align="center">
      <span style="letter-spacing: 1pt" lang="EN-US"><font size="4">2562</font></span></p></td>
      <td style="border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm" valign="top">
      <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 5; margin-right: 5; margin-top:5" align="center">
      <span style="font-family: 新細明體; letter-spacing: 1pt"><font size="4">水銀</font></span></p></td>
      <td style="border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm" valign="top">
      <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 5; margin-right: 5; margin-top:5" align="center">
      <span style="letter-spacing: 1pt" lang="EN-US"><font size="4">-39</font></span></p></td>
      <td style="width: 85.75pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm" valign="top" width="114">
      <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 5; margin-right: 5; margin-top:5" align="center">
      <span style="letter-spacing: 1pt" lang="EN-US"><font size="4">357</font></span></p></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm" valign="top">
      <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 5; margin-right: 5; margin-top:5" align="center">
      <span style="font-family: 新細明體; letter-spacing: 1pt"><font size="4">金</font></span></p></td>
      <td style="border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm" valign="top">
      <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 5; margin-right: 5; margin-top:5" align="center">
      <span style="letter-spacing: 1pt" lang="EN-US"><font size="4">1065</font></span></p></td>
      <td style="border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.5pt double windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm" valign="top">
      <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 5; margin-right: 5; margin-top:5" align="center">
      <span style="letter-spacing: 1pt" lang="EN-US"><font size="4">2856</font></span></p></td>
      <td style="border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm" valign="top">
      <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 5; margin-right: 5; margin-top:5" align="center">
      <span style="font-family: 新細明體; letter-spacing: 1pt"><font size="4">酒精</font></span></p></td>
      <td style="border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm" valign="top">
      <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 5; margin-right: 5; margin-top:5" align="center">
      <span style="letter-spacing: 1pt" lang="EN-US"><font size="4">-114</font></span></p></td>
      <td style="width: 85.75pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm" valign="top" width="114">
      <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 5; margin-right: 5; margin-top:5" align="center">
      <span style="letter-spacing: 1pt" lang="EN-US"><font size="4">78</font></span></p></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm" valign="top">
      <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 5; margin-right: 5; margin-top:5" align="center">
      <span style="font-family: 新細明體; letter-spacing: 1pt"><font size="4">銀</font></span></p></td>
      <td style="border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm" valign="top">
      <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 5; margin-right: 5; margin-top:5" align="center">
      <span style="letter-spacing: 1pt" lang="EN-US"><font size="4">962</font></span></p></td>
      <td style="border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.5pt double windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm" valign="top">
      <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 5; margin-right: 5; margin-top:5" align="center">
      <span style="letter-spacing: 1pt" lang="EN-US"><font size="4">2162</font></span></p></td>
      <td style="border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm" valign="top">
      <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 5; margin-right: 5; margin-top:5" align="center">
      <span style="font-family: 新細明體; letter-spacing: 1pt"><font size="4">氮</font></span></p></td>
      <td style="border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm" valign="top">
      <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 5; margin-right: 5; margin-top:5" align="center">
      <span style="letter-spacing: 1pt" lang="EN-US"><font size="4">-210</font></span></p></td>
      <td style="width: 85.75pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm" valign="top" width="114">
      <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 5; margin-right: 5; margin-top:5" align="center">
      <span style="letter-spacing: 1pt" lang="EN-US"><font size="4">-196</font></span></p></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm" valign="top">
      <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 5; margin-right: 5; margin-top:5" align="center">
      <span style="font-family: 新細明體; letter-spacing: 1pt"><font size="4">鋁</font></span></p></td>
      <td style="border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm" valign="top">
      <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 5; margin-right: 5; margin-top:5" align="center">
      <span style="letter-spacing: 1pt" lang="EN-US"><font size="4">660</font></span></p></td>
      <td style="border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.5pt double windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm" valign="top">
      <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 5; margin-right: 5; margin-top:5" align="center">
      <span style="letter-spacing: 1pt" lang="EN-US"><font size="4">2519</font></span></p></td>
      <td style="border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm" valign="top">
      <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 5; margin-right: 5; margin-top:5" align="center">
      <span style="font-family: 新細明體; letter-spacing: 1pt"><font size="4">氧</font></span></p></td>
      <td style="border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm" valign="top">
      <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 5; margin-right: 5; margin-top:5" align="center">
      <span style="letter-spacing: 1pt" lang="EN-US"><font size="4">-219</font></span></p></td>
      <td style="width: 85.75pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm" valign="top" width="114">
      <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 5; margin-right: 5; margin-top:5" align="center">
      <span style="letter-spacing: 1pt" lang="EN-US"><font size="4">-183</font></span></p></td>
    </tr>
    <tr style="height: 21.1pt">
      <td style="height: 21.1pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm" valign="top">
      <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 5; margin-right: 5; margin-top:5" align="center">
      <span style="font-family: 新細明體; letter-spacing: 1pt"><font size="4">鉛</font></span></p></td>
      <td style="height: 21.1pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm" valign="top">
      <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 5; margin-right: 5; margin-top:5" align="center">
      <span style="letter-spacing: 1pt" lang="EN-US"><font size="4">327</font></span></p></td>
      <td style="height: 21.1pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.5pt double windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm" valign="top">
      <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 5; margin-right: 5; margin-top:5" align="center">
      <span style="letter-spacing: 1pt" lang="EN-US"><font size="4">1749</font></span></p></td>
      <td style="height: 21.1pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm" valign="top">
      <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 5; margin-right: 5; margin-top:5" align="center">
      <span style="font-family: 新細明體; letter-spacing: 1pt"><font size="4">氦</font></span></p></td>
      <td style="height: 21.1pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm" valign="top">
      <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 5; margin-right: 5; margin-top:5" align="center">
      <span style="letter-spacing: 1pt" lang="EN-US"><font size="4">-</font></span></p></td>
      <td style="width: 85.75pt; height: 21.1pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm" valign="top" width="114">
      <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 5; margin-right: 5; margin-top:5" align="center">
      <span style="letter-spacing: 1pt" lang="EN-US"><font size="4">-269</font></span></p></td>
    </tr>
    <tr style="height: 21.05pt">
      <td colspan="6" style="width: 434.05pt; height: 21.05pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm" valign="top" width="579">
      <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 5; margin-right: 5; margin-top:5" align="center">
      <span style="font-family: 新細明體; letter-spacing: 1pt">
      <font size="4">根據由實驗測出的熔點或沸點，有助於我們判斷物質的種類。</font></span></p></td>
    </tr>
  </table>

===物質七態===
*電漿態
*氣態
*液態
*固態
*電子簡併態(白矮星)
*#星體重力完全壓制住熱運動，相鄰的原子外層電子軌域幾乎要重疊，原子再互相靠近電子軌域就要擠進三顆電子了。
*#假設有個魔法師突然把 1 cm<sup>3</sup> 的處於電子簡併態的白矮星物質變到了地球表面，並且初速度為零，材料的體積迅速膨脹至約 1000 m<sup>3</sup>，發出耀眼的光芒，放出約 10<sup>12</sup> 焦耳的能量，大概是一個小原子彈的能量，地面被炸出一個深深的大坑，上方騰起一朵蘑菇雲...：
*#*體積：1 cm<sup>3</sup>
*#*質量：1000kg，一噸。
*#*溫度：10<sup>7</sup> K，一千萬度。
*#*材質：碳核、氧核、電漿體
*#*內部壓強：10<sup>22</sup> Pa
*中子簡併態(中子星)
*#星體重力壓碎原子，電子掉進原子核與質子中和成中子。整顆星體就宛如一顆大型的原子核。
*#魔法師挖來了 1 cm<sup>3</sup> 中子星的核，材料迅速沉向地心，同時吸附地殼物質加速膨脹，電漿體降溫形成中子，中子四散飛出並以約10分鐘為半衰期開始衰變，質子電子的質量比中子少約 0.0008，因此將有 8×10<sup>8</sup>×c<sup>2</sup>的能量釋放出來，約 10<sup>26</sup> 焦耳的能量，相當於整個太陽在約 0.3 秒內釋放出來的所有能量，或者在地下爆炸了10億顆氫彈。地球現在的狀態和被一個直徑數百公里的星體撞了差不多。
*#*體積：1 cm<sup>3</sup>
*#*質量：10<sup>12</sup> kg，十億噸。
*#*溫度：10<sup>12</sup>K，一兆度。
*#*材質：夸克膠子電漿體
*#*內部壓強：10<sup>35</sup> Pa
*黑洞態
*#星體重力壓垮物質結構，只剩質量、電量、角動量等性質。核心是奇異點，外面罩個一層「視界」。「視界」內包含光在內都無法逃出「視界」。
*#魔法師將一塊視界體積 1 cm<sup>3</sup> 的黑洞送到地球表面，恭喜您這次終於不會有爆炸了，除了量子尺度的黑洞會蒸發外， 1 cm<sup>3</sup> 的黑洞是完全可以穩定的。<br/>不過這個黑洞的質量比地球還大些，所以這次是地球被黑洞吸過去了...<br/>物質進入黑洞時產生的巨量輻射迅速熔化地殼，很快，地球變成了一個發著紅光的岩漿球。<br/>岩漿球的體積在慢慢縮小，亮度越來越高，爆發出強烈的γ射線。<br/>按地球質量乘以3來算，月球的軌道將變成橢圓，聯立角動量守恆和能量守恆，解得近地點為遠地點的1/5。正常的地球月球洛希極限(扯碎小天體的距離)約為地月距離的 1/40 ，地球質量乘3後變為約1/27，因此月球會發生變形。<br/>巨量輻射把月球面向地球的一面蒸發，月球的狀態開始接近流體，洛希極限升至約1/14。<br/>月球的形變更嚴重了，蒸發的進度加快，最終月球被扯碎，混入環繞黑洞塵埃雲中...<br/>外圍的塵埃被巨量的輻射驅散，剩下的塵埃被黑洞吸收乾淨，發光漸漸變暗變紅，最後變成紅外線。<br/>黑洞的視界體積增加到約 2 cm<sup>3</sup> ，除此之外彷彿什麼也沒發生過...
*#*體積：1 cm<sup>3</sup>
*#*質量：10<sup>25</sup>kg
*#*材質：微型黑洞